One of the most common problems of hospitalized patients, especially in ICU wards, is acute kidney injury. This complication is directly related to increased patient mortality. According to statistics reported in ICU wards, this disease has a wide range.
Acute kidney injury is a combined syndrome that begins with a sudden decrease in urine output, which is reversible and recovers in its early stages. The decrease in urine volume causes failure to excrete waste products, water retention, and disruption of the body’s acid-base and electrolyte balance.
Its causes are divided into 3 categories: (Prerenal), (Renal), and (Postrenal).
Prerenal AKI
Prerenal factors that cause AKI:
- Decreased blood volume
- Decreased cardiac output
- Cyclic dysfunction and hypotension
Intrarenal AKI
Renal factors causing AKI:
Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)
Acute Glomerulo- Nephritis (GN)
Causes:
Ischemia
Toxic Reaction
Sepsis
Trauma
Cancer
Drugs
Postrenal AKI
Post-renal factors causing AKI:
Stone
Cancer
Scar after OP or inflammation Blood clot
Catheter
RIFLE:
Staging for AKI
The most common complications of AKI include:
